INTRODUCTION:

COVID-19 is the infectious disease caused by the Novel Corona virus. This new virus and disease were unknown to the population before the outbreak began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic is changing rapidly and continues to affect communities across the India. 1.3 billion people. Some of the strategies used to slow the spread of disease in communities include last month, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced a 21day complete lockdown of the countries is the decision taken by the government in their war against COID-19. This lockdown shutting down entire nation of 36 states.

Burden of COVID-19–As per the WHO on 11^th march, 2020 told that novel cornavirus disease outbreak as a endemic and alert all countries to take immediate action towards it and save the people’s lives.

As of 16 April 2020 (8:00 AM), according to the health minister of family welfare, total 12380 COVID-19 cases, in which 76 foreign nationals been report in 32 states/union territories. Hospital separation of all confirmed cases has been traced and all should be quarantine is going on. Most of cases that is 1488 cured/discharged, some are migrated and 414 deaths confirmed. On 14 April 2020, the Prime Minister announces the expansion of 21-day nationwide lockdown till 3^rd May, 2020¹.

There are following problem faced by Indians during Covid-19

1. PSYCHOSOCIAL ISSUES AMONG MIGRANTS – Covid-19 outbreak is a communicable disease in which there is restrictions on the daily activities or we says that for maintaining the social distancing norms and policy it also helps to prevent the transmission of the disease Many of the other state laborers are working others state that are to be migrant to move to their native places. Due to lockdown period these worker are facing many problems like food, asylum, and health care facilities, fear of chance to get the infection of COVID-19. They also loss their wages and anxiety about the family members conditions. No any transportation for them to go back to their native place, harassment and no response from the local community. Some of them are going by walk to their homes and few are some are die because of long walking distance. By seeing all these now Govt planned to start some special train or buses to transport these workers.²

2. VISA RESTRICTIONS RELATED TO COVID-19- All over the countries across the world have been reported cases of COVID-19. All the peoples of India and others are living in different countries their visas are restricted due to the endemic of COVID-19. Their are many cases are found in others countries and have been reported many large number of deaths and putting passengers from these countries particularly at risk of spreading infection.

As per the instruction have been issued by Bureau of Immigration (Ministry of Home Affairs Government of India) in pursuance of the meeting on March 11, 2020.

In suspension of all earlier advisories issued the following visa restrictions are issued for implementation.

1. On March 13, 2020 at the port of departure of any foreigner for onward journey to India. Will be suspended. This will come into effect from 1200 GMT.

2. All incoming travelers, including Indian nationals, incoming from any destination and having China, Italy, Iran, Republic of korea, France, Spain and Germany on or after Feb.15,200 shall be quarantined for a minimum period of 14 days. This will come into effect from 1200GMT on March 13,2020 at the port of departure of such travelers.

3. Indian nationals presently abroad are advised to avoid non-essential travel. They are hereby informed that they can be quarantined for a minimum period of 14 days on their arrival in India.

4. All Indian nationals are strongly advised to avoid all non-essential travel abroad. On their return they can be subjected to quarantined for a minimum period of 14 days.³

3. MENTAL HEALTH OF CHILDREN- Epidemic of COVID-19 can make children anxious and stressed. This is very exceptional time for all of us and especially for our children they are facing a massive interruption in their lives. As adults are facing the problems of fear of dying, panic about their relatives dying and what type of treatment they are receive as a medical treatment, same the children are also facing the problems such as panic, unease and worry about the family members.

As per the ordered by our Prime Minster all school, colleges and university closed in the lockdown period as a part of necessary measures. All of us known that the school and colleges environment are differed where students learn and enjoyed with their friends, and after lockdown they have only sum opportunity to be with their friends with the help of social support that is necessary for good mental well-being.

At home some children has risk of increased exposure to, child protection incidents or make them eyewitness to interpersonal violence if their homes is not a safe place. It is very concerning for the children point of view.

Different age groups children can adjust as per their age criteria but some shows irritability and anger. Parents are also closer to their children and it will make more demands on them. some easy and simple strategies the parents can address this can include giving young people the love and attention that they need to resolve. Children know their responsibilities how to respond for their career. Parents also have the same responsibilities to guide their children to manage their own stressors in every lives situation.

4. MENTAL HEALTH OF ELDERLY –During the Covid-19, all of us should take some extra time and care for ourselves. Ongoing epidemic has resulted in many quarantine and social isolation measures are used to keep individual physically distanced from others that are 1 meter. Elderly and old age people are more vulnerable to acquire this disease because they are having low immunity power. So, for that only we take more responsibilities to take care of them. Ongoing epidemic of COVID-19 resulted many people in quarantine and social isolation to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 to others. It helps to keep individuals physically distanced from others for the possible to provide future.⁴

5. HOME QURANTINE:

Following measures to follow at the time of home quarantine

1. The person is providing a single room with ventilation.

2. Elderly people, pregnant women, and children are more prone to get this infection so the person who are quarantine it should be stay away from them.

3. Restrict the movement within the house who are in home quarantine.

4. No any social/religious gathering to attend in COVID-19 epidemic.

Public health measures followed at time all times:

1. Hand washing: Thoroughly hand washing after touching any area or by using the sanitizer.

2. Avoid sharing: All the domestic items it should be avoided to share each other.

3. Mask: Wear a mask at all the times it should be a N95, surgical or home prepared mask.

If the home prepared mask we are using wash it daily with soap and if we are using the surgical mask it should be disposed after 6-8hours.If any quarantine person or any patient in our home that time the mask they are using it should be disinfected by using bleach or hydrochloride solution and then it disposed.

4. Inform immediately:

If any person having the symptoms of cough, cold and breathing difficulty immediately inform the nearest health centre with phone number-011-23978046

Home quarantined information:

1. Assigned Person- For caring of the quarantine person a healthy person is required and a particular member should be assign for them.

2. Gloves- Disposable gloves should be used for cleaning the surface or handling the soiled linen.

3. Hand Wash- Wash hand after using or removing the mask.

4. Restrict the visitors- Visitors should not be allowed for the home quarantine person.

5. Emergency Situation- we observe that the person who are quarantine in the home and it will develop some symptoms immediately send to the corona virus centre and all the close relatives should be quarantine for 14 days and follow up till the report of that cases turn to negative.⁵

6. RURAL INDIA STARES AT A LARGER CRISIS:

Our country is suffering silently. Novel corona virus epidemic may have spared it due this a sudden loss of income triggered by many people job losses for those who are migrated to cities, is taking its toll. The farmers are facing many problems at the time of lockdown their fruits and vegetables are not reaching to the urban markets. Economic activity has slowed down in urban as well as in rural areas also. Sting all millions of rural and urban poor people in the world’s most second most seriously occupied country.

Due to breakdown in the supply chain. The farmers are not allowed to transport fruits and vegetables to the city market. Farmers are face severe economic challenges due to the lockdown as they are being forced to sell their produce at a much lower price, leaving them with hardly any money to support their livelihoods.⁶

6. EDUCATION DISRUPTION:

With COVID-19 spreading to more regions, state governments are closing down schools, colleges, educational institutions as a precautionary measuring against the disease. COVID-19 has been declared as Endemic by World Health Organization (WHO) and there is a sense of fear and panic all around the globe. Since the first case of COVID-19 has emerged in India, state governments are taking all the possible precautionary steps to curb the spread of the disease and that include shutting down educational institutes, vacating hostels, postponing entrance examinations, convocation ceremonies, and more. In the wake of this emergency situation, educational institutes around the globe are shifting their operations to online learning.

Covid-19 epidemic raging across the world all the schools are shut them all in their home only. IB, A Levels, ICSE, CBSE all known and recognized boards have postponed or cancelled examinations. All other students who are away from such outcome-dependent situations such as above also face severe education disruption. Education disruption impacts our readiness for the future and also has huge economic and lifestyle costs.⁷

7. EFFECTS OF COVID-19 ON INDIA’S BUSINESS - The effect of Coronavirus has badly affected cargo and cruise businesses in Mumbai, with 20 percent of import and export business being affected, according to officials from the Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust. Tour operators in Maharashtra have also been asked to cancel international tours and holiday packages, after the first cases of the virus in the state were caused by a travel company bringing back tourists from Dubai.

Similarly, event managers have also been hit by the ban on social gatherings and conferences, with connected vendors of hotel and travel agencies facing the brunt as well. Tour companies affected by dwindling business in Maharashtra must now negotiate with customers, with some already refusing to provide refunds on the forced cancellations.⁸

8. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL PROBLEMS- In countries that have been severely affected by COVID-19, such as Italy, Spain and the United States, strained healthcare systems have reached their breaking points. Shortages of masks and other forms of PPE have become widespread, putting medical professionals at severe risk. A scarcity of medical workers has also plagued countries that are struggling with the COVID-19 pandemic. The shortage of medical professionals in India is even direr, and the few that are available are being called on to ration crucial supplies. Now, with healthcare workers staring down a rapidly approaching crisis, the longstanding failures of India’s under-supported healthcare system have been thrust into the spotlight. Without a surge of government funding and attention, medical professionals have little reason to believe that they will be protected or supported as they serve on the frontlines of India’s response to the pandemic.⁹

CONCLUSION:

The World Health Organization (WHO) on Wednesday hailed the Prime Minster Narendra Modi government's "timely and tough" resolution to extend the Covid-19 lockdown all over India till May 17. Number of corona virus cases continues to rise in the country the government is considering the requests to extend the national lockdown.

REFERENCE:

1. Down to Earth, available: https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/ economy/cost-of-covid-19-lockdown-who-bears-the-burden--70217

2. The University of Melbourne, avialble: https://pursuit.unimelb. edu.au/articles/covid-19-and-containment-a-dual-burden-for-india

3. Bureau of immigration Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India Available: https://boi.gov.in/content/ advisory-travel-and-visa-restrictions-related-covid-19-0

4. Healio infectious disease, available: https:// www.healio.com/ psychiatry/practice-management/news/online/%7B250e2c9c-e510-4109-bb84-024660539c08%7D/covid-19s-mental-health-effects-by-age-group-children-college-students-working-age-adults-and-older-adults.

5. According to Epidemiology Unit Ministry of Health & Indigenous Medical Services, WHO. Avialable:

6. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/searo/ whe/coronavirus 19/the-guideline-for-home-quarantine---quarantine-in-non-health-care-settings-is-intended-for-anyone-who-believes-they-have-been-exposed-to-covid-19-and-are-required-to-be-home-quarantined-to-prevent-community-trans.pdf?sfvrsn=1bc12565_4 Deccan herald, available: https:// www. deccanherald.com/ business/covid-19-outbreak-rural-india-stares-at-a-larger-crisis-821866.html

7. The Economic Times, https://economictimes. indiatimes. com/ industry/services/education/hrd-ministry-launches-portal-to-address-students-difficulties-during-lockdown/articleshow/ 74970964.cms

8. Observer research foundation, available: https://www. orfonline.org/expert-speak/effects-of-covid-19-on-maharashtra-and-indias-business-and-labour-63649/

9. The Caravan News, available: https://caravanmagazine.in/health/ india-under-supported-health-care-workers-crumbling-pressure-covid-19

Received on 16.07.2020 Modified on 20.08.2020

Asian J. Nursing Education and Research. 2020; 10(4):501-504.

DOI: 10.5958/2349-2996.2020.00108.1